John 13:38

Verse

Ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς, Τὴν ψυχήν σου ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ θήσεις; Ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω σοι, οὐ μὴ ἀλέκτωρ φωνήσῃ ἕως οὗ ἀπαρνήσῃ με τρίς.

RBT Greek Interlinear:

611; Apokrinetai; Ἀποκρίνεται; Answered; V-PIM/P-3S

2424; Iēsous; Ἰησοῦς; Salvation; N-NMS

3588; Tēn; Τὴν; the; Art-AFS

5590; psychēn; ψυχήν; soul-life; N-AFS

4771; sou; σου; of you; PPro-G2S

5228; hyper; ὑπὲρ; across; Prep

1473; emou; ἐμοῦ; myself; PPro-G1S

5087; thēseis; θήσεις; will you lay down; V-FIA-2S

281; amēn; ἀμὴν; amen; Heb

281; amēn; ἀμὴν; amen; Heb

3004; legō; λέγω; I am saying; V-PIA-1S

4771; soi; σοι; you; PPro-D2S

3756; ou; οὐ; no; Adv

3361; mē; μὴ; not; Adv

220; alektōr; ἀλέκτωρ; a rooster; N-NMS

5455; phōnēsē; φωνήσῃ; will crow; V-ASA-3S

2193; heōs; ἕως; until; Prep

3739; hou; οὗ; whose; RelPro-GMS

720; arnēsē; ἀρνήσῃ; you will deny; V-FIM-2S

1473; me; με; myself; PPro-A1S

5151; tris; τρίς; three times; Adv

RBT Translation:

Until him

Salvation answered, "You will set the soul-life of yours across from myself. Amen Amen, I am saying to yourself, the rooster will not ever sound/call-out until him whom will deny myself three times.¹⁰³

LITV Translation:
Jesus answered him, Will you lay down your life for Me? Indeed, I tell you truly, in no way shall a cock crow until you deny Me three times.

ESV Translation:
Jesus answered, “Will you lay down your life for me? Truly, truly, I say to you, the rooster will not crow till you have denied me three times.

Footnotes

103

Greek "ἕως οὗ ἀρνήσῃ". ἀρνήσῃ "he will deny" is a 3rd person masculine form similar to what is used in Matt. 10:33 ἀρνήσηταί "whoever might deny."  It is properly translated as "until he denies" or "until he renounces."

In Greek, verbs are conjugated according to the person, number, tense, mood, and voice of the subject. The form "ἀρνήσῃ" (arnēsē) is the third person singular aorist subjunctive active of the verb "ἀρνέομαι" (arneomai), which means "to deny" or "to refuse."

Here's how the verb form "ἀρνήσῃ" breaks down: "ἀρνήσῃ" (arnēsē): This is the verb form. "ἀρνή" (arnē): This is the stem of the verb. "σῃ" (sē): This is the ending that indicates the third person singular aorist subjunctive active. So, in the form "ἀρνήσῃ," the ending "-σῃ" marks it as third person singular, indicating that the subject performing the action of denying or refusing is singular and in the third person (he, she, or it).

"οὗ" (hou): This is a relative pronoun meaning "who" "where" or "when".

When combined, "οὗ ἀρνήσῃ" could be translated as "where/when/which/whom he will deny" depending on the context. We know it is not a place, thing, or circumstance that is the object of denial, but someone. Therefore we translate it "whom he will deny." It indicates a future action of denying or refusing, with the relative pronoun specifying the circumstances or time frame in which the denial will occur.